Environmental Damage

This is an artwork with substantial acid burn from poor choice of backing board

Understanding Acid Burn on Paper Caused by MDF Backing Boards

Acid burn, also known as acid migration, is a common problem in the conservation and framing of paper-based artworks and documents. One overlooked but significant source of this damage is the use of Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF) as a backing material.

What Is Acid Burn?

Acid burn manifests as yellowing, brittleness, or staining of paper. It occurs when acidic substances come into contact with paper over time, breaking down its cellulose fibers. This degradation is irreversible and compromises both the visual quality and structural integrity of the paper.

Why MDF Causes Acid Burn

MDF is manufactured from wood fibers bonded together with resins under heat and pressure. These wood fibers naturally contain lignin and other acidic compounds. Additionally, many MDF products use urea-formaldehyde adhesives, which can off-gas acidic vapors. When MDF is used as a backing board in framing—especially without a proper barrier—it can leach acids directly into paper or release harmful vapors that accelerate degradation.

Risk Factors

• Direct contact: Paper in direct contact with MDF is most at risk

• Poor sealing: Unsealed MDF off-gasses more aggressively.

• Humidity: Moisture can amplify acid migration.

• Time: Damage compounds over the years, often becoming visible only after significant harm is done.
  
  

Prevention and Best Practices

• Avoid MDF: Use acid-free, archival-quality backing boards such as buffered museum board or conservation board.

• Use barriers: If MDF must be used, isolate it with Mylar, aluminum foil, or archival-quality barrier paper.

• Environmental control: Store and display framed items in stable, low-humidity environments.

• Regular inspections: Check framed works periodically for signs of yellowing or staining.
  
  

Conclusion

While MDF is a cost-effective and sturdy material, its use in direct contact with paper-based artwork or documents is risky. Conservators and framers should be aware of the potential for acid burn and take steps to use archival-quality materials to preserve works for the long term.